\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 ECT \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 32 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d 32 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 32 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 32 ECT \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n![\"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629](\"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/how-to-calculate-ect-of-corrugated-box-1024x576.webp\")
\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0640 \u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ECT) \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 ECT \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c (ECT) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 BCT \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 BCT \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0642. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 BCT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 ECT \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 BCT \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 ECT \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c BCT \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 ECT \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 BCT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ECT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT)<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ECT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/td> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ECT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a ECT \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Letai Packaging \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-768x768.webp",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-12x12.webp",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Abner Bi","author_link":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/author\/abner-bi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Learn what the Edge Crush Test (ECT) measures, why it\u2019s important for corrugated boxes, and how it determines strength, stacking ability, and packaging performance.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9644"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9654,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions\/9654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9644"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ECT) \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 ECT \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c (ECT) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 BCT \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 BCT \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0642. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 BCT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 ECT \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 BCT \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 ECT \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c BCT \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 ECT \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 BCT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ECT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT)<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ECT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/td> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ECT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a ECT \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Letai Packaging \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-768x768.webp",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-12x12.webp",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Abner Bi","author_link":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/author\/abner-bi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Learn what the Edge Crush Test (ECT) measures, why it\u2019s important for corrugated boxes, and how it determines strength, stacking ability, and packaging performance.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9644"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9654,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions\/9654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9644"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (\u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c (ECT) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 ECT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT) \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 BCT \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 BCT \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0642. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 BCT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 ECT \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 BCT \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 ECT \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c BCT \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 ECT \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 BCT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ECT \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (BCT)<\/th> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (ECT)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td> \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/td> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ECT \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 ECT \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 ECT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ECT \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a ECT \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Letai Packaging \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 (ECT)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-768x768.webp",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test.webp",800,800,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/edge-crush-test-12x12.webp",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Abner Bi","author_link":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/author\/abner-bi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Learn what the Edge Crush Test (ECT) measures, why it\u2019s important for corrugated boxes, and how it determines strength, stacking ability, and packaging performance.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9644"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9654,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9644\/revisions\/9654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letaipackaging.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9644"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}